The independent, regulation-first guide to crypto exchanges

Binance is the largest cryptocurrency exchange by reported trading volume, founded in 2017. Our research found no confirmed full EU MiCA CASP authorisation for Binance as of the search date, so we mark its EU licence status pending rather than verified. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees, supported-coin counts or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Binance's own current pages. Availability and product access vary widely by country.

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Coinbase is a US-listed cryptocurrency exchange (Nasdaq: COIN), founded in 2012. Our research records Coinbase as holding EU MiCA CASP authorisation (Luxembourg and Ireland), which we mark verified against the ESMA register angle. Its affiliate terms have changed repeatedly, so we wire no link and publish no current commission figure. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Coinbase's own current pages.

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Kraken is a long-running US-headquartered cryptocurrency exchange, founded in 2011. Our research records Kraken as holding EU MiCA CASP authorisation (Ireland and Luxembourg), which we mark verified against the ESMA register angle. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees, supported-coin counts or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Kraken's own current pages.

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OKX is a global cryptocurrency exchange, founded in 2017. Our research records OKX as holding EU MiCA CASP authorisation via Malta (MFSA), which we mark verified against the ESMA register angle. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on OKX's own current pages. Product availability varies by country.

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Bybit is a derivatives-focused cryptocurrency exchange, founded in 2018. Its EU entity, Bybit EU GmbH, holds a full MiCA CASP authorisation granted by Austria's FMA on 28/05/2025 and appears on the ESMA CASP register (verified 09/07/2026), so we mark its EU licence status verified. Bybit's own program terms still restrict promotion in numerous non-EU territories. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Bybit's own current pages.

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Crypto.com is an app-first cryptocurrency exchange and platform, founded in 2016. Our research records Crypto.com as holding EU MiCA CASP authorisation via Malta (MFSA), which we mark verified against the ESMA register angle. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Crypto.com's own current pages.

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KuCoin is a global cryptocurrency exchange known for a broad altcoin selection, founded in 2017. Its EU entity, KuCoin EU Exchange GmbH, holds a full MiCA CASP authorisation granted by Austria's FMA on 27/11/2025 and appears on the ESMA CASP register (verified 09/07/2026) — so the licence itself is verified, not pending. However, per the FMA's own press releases, the FMA barred KuCoin EU from new business on 19/02/2026 over anti-money-laundering staffing gaps; that new-business ban was lifted 18/05/2026, but the FMA's release states the commencement of business operations remained prohibited under a separate 18/02/2026 enforcement order at last check. Treat this licence as authorised-but-restricted and verify KuCoin EU's current operating status directly with the FMA or KuCoin before relying on it. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on KuCoin's own current pages.

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Bitpanda is an Austria-based investment platform focused on EU retail customers, founded in 2014. Our research records Bitpanda as holding EU MiCA CASP authorisation via Malta (MFSA), which we mark verified against the ESMA register angle. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Bitpanda's own current pages.

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Gemini is a US-headquartered cryptocurrency exchange with an EU presence, founded in 2014. Our research records Gemini as holding EU MiCA CASP authorisation via Malta (MFSA), which we mark verified against the ESMA register angle. Its affiliate terms were unconfirmed in research, so we wire no link. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Gemini's own current pages.

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Bitstamp is one of the oldest European cryptocurrency exchanges, founded in 2011. Our research records Bitstamp as holding EU MiCA CASP authorisation via Luxembourg, which we mark verified against the ESMA register angle. Its affiliate terms were unconfirmed in research, so we wire no link. We have not completed a hands-on test and publish no fees or withdrawal limits until confirmed on Bitstamp's own current pages.

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